国際塩基配列データベースから見る日本の外生菌根菌相： 子嚢菌門 チャワンタケ目tuber-helvella 系統セイヨウショウロ科
Ectomycorrhizal fungal flora in Japan revealed by the International Nucleotide Sequence Database: Tuberaceae (the lineage tuber-helvella), Pezizales, Ascomycota

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小長谷 啓介 (2026) Truffology 9(1): 1–16
Submitted: 17 February 2026
Accepted: 4 March 2026
Published: 31 March 2026

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要旨

日本におけるセイヨウショウロ科菌 （チャワンタケ目、子嚢菌門） のフロラの解明状況を把握するため、国際塩基配列 データベースに登録された塩基配列 （ITS領域） を収集した。得られた433配列は、配列の相同性によるグループ分けと 最尤系統解析の結果に基づき、セイヨウショウロ属の7クレード （/puberulum、 /latisporum、 /maculatum、 /turmericum-japonicum、 /rufum、 /melanosporum、 /macrosporum） に属する計29 サブクレードに分類された。 サブクレード数は、 /puberulum （8） および/latisporum （8） が、 他のクレード （2~3） よりも高かった。 配列の約半分の由来は子嚢果、 残りの大部分は外生菌根であった。17サブクレードは既知種を含み、そのうち6種は日本産標本に基づいて記載された新種 であった。しかし、その他は既知種を含まず、特に種が豊富な/puberulumおよび/latisporumの多くの分類群は種レベルの分類属性が不明であった。多様なセイヨウショウロ属菌が生息する日本では、子嚢果標本に基づく記載報告が着々と進められているものの、多様な種で構成される/puberulumおよび/latisporumについては、子実体が未発見または未記載・未解析の状態で保管されたままの分類群が多数存在することが示唆された。

Abstract

To understand the status of research on ectomycorrhizal fungal flora in Japan, sequence data (ITS region) for fungi belonging to Tuberaceae, Pezizales, Ascomycota, registered in the International Nucleotide Sequence Database were compiled. In total, 433 sequences were obtained and classi ed into 29 subclades in seven clades (/puberulum, /latisporum, /maculatum, /turmericum-japonicum, /rufum, /melanosporum, and /macrosporum) in the genus Tuber by the maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis. The number of subclades was higher in clades /puberulum (8) and /latisporum (8) than those in the others (2–3). Approximately half of the sequences originated from ascocarps, while most of remaining were from ectomycorrhizal roots. Seventeen subclades included described species, six of which were originated from Japanese specimens (/turmericum-japonicum; T. japonicum, T. avidosporum and T. torulosum, /melanosporum; T. longispinosum, /macrosporum; T. iryudaens and, T. tomentosum), but the other subclades did not, remaining the species-level taxonomic attribute unclear, especially those in species-rich clades /puberulum and /latisporum. Japan is home to a diverse range of Tuber species, and a relatively large number of ascocarps have been collected, leading to descriptive reports based on these specimens. However, it was indicated that for the species-diverse clades puberulum and latisporum, there are several taxa for which ascocarps have not been discovered or described.

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