Taxonomic re-examination and phylogeny of neglected Japanese black deer truffles, Elaphomyces miyabeanus and E. nopporensis

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Orihara T, Castellano MA, Ohmae M, Kaneko Y, Hosaka K (2022) Truffology 5(1): 3–13
Submitted: 8 February 2022
Accepted: 21 March 2022
Published: 31 March 2022

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Abstract

Two Japanese black deer truffles, Elaphomyces miyabeanus and E. nopporensis, were described from Hokkaido in 1929 by Dr. Sanshi Imai. Since then, there have been no reliable, formal records of either species. Both species were collected from the same locality on the same day, and are morphologically similar to each other. We successfully located authentic specimens including syntypes of each species, which had been scattered and lost, and we critically examined their morphology. We also collected fresh ascomata of E. miyabeanus / E. nopporensis from the type locality and central Honshu. Based on examination of the rediscovered authentic specimens and the fresh ascomata along with the original descriptions by Dr. Sanshi Imai, we concluded that E. nopporensis was small, dried, old ascomata of E. miyabeanus and should be synonymized into the latter species. Phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA placed E. miyabeanus within sect. Ceratogaster subsect. Sclerodermei along with E. anthracinus. The resultant tree also showed that E. miyabeanus was conspecific with Elaphomyces sp. collected in Norway, suggesting that the species is broadly distributed across northern Eurasia.

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